1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
  

(  :  )
 :    : 70
:    -    ,        
             
(2.) ,            
     
-
1.            
 
2.   '  :
(a)    
()    
-
3.               
    
2
Easy2Siksha
4.               
          
-
5.                

6.  -           
  
-
7.              
     
8.    ?         ,
     
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
  

(  :  )
 :    : 70
:    -    ,        
             
(2.) ,            
     
-
1.            
 
: :   
      
      ( , , ,
)      
         ,
    (  , ,   )      ( 
,   )     ',       
-  -      '  
 
 :
        
      
'       :
1.  ()-     ,       
 
2.  ()- , , ,      ,  
-      
4
Easy2Siksha
3.  ()-   , , ,    ,  
         
4.   ()- ,          
    
 
   :
           
 ,  :
1.     - , , , ,        

2.    - ,       
     
3.   -            
  
    ,        (  ,
   )     (    , , 
)             
                

  :
1.  () :     , ,   
        
2. - () :            
        
   :
     ,         
 
   ,    ( )   
             ,     
  
:
        ,        
              
               
       
5
Easy2Siksha
    
               
      (  , ,  )     (
  )           
  
     
 ,       
  
  :
1.  :       '     
  :
o  :           
o  :    ,      
o :    ,       
   
o :          
2. - :           
     
      :
o  : ,            
    
o :, , ,           
        ,      
 
  '    
1.   :
o         (,   ,  
 )
o      
 ,      
2.  '   :
o   (, , )    (  , 
  )   '   
o   ,      
-  '     
6
Easy2Siksha
 '     
          '       
    :
1.   :
o :             , 
       
 
o   :         
    ,        
o   :          
    ,      
2.  :
o            ,
         
 
o  , ,         
   
 ,        
  
3.    :
o    (     ,  ,   )
  ,    ,   '    
     
o        ,    ,   
          
   
         
      
         :
1.   :
o           
o            
2.  :
o            
, ,  -  
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3.  :
o  ,  ,          
             
4.  :
o              
 ,            

:     
         '     
  
      
     ,  
                
    
           
          
 :
            
     ,     - 
 
    
     '    
             
 
    ,          

     ,          

2.   '  :
(a)    
()    
:  '  : , , ,   
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Easy2Siksha
   -
          ,    
       
   , ,   
          , 
      ' -      
  , 
     '   :
1.  
2.  
3.  
4.  
        
(a)    
1.  
                  
                 

                ,    
          
     ,  
         
   :
1.   (, ,  ):
o             
o                
       .
o 
 
      ,  -
             
  
2.  (, , ):
o ,       
o      ,          ( 
),      
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Easy2Siksha
o       
 ,   
 ,   
  
3.  (        ):
o          ,    -
             
   
o , ,          
         
4.   (  ):
o             
  
o ,       ,   '   -
 , -       
o          ,    , 
 -    
     :
 :         ,      ,
    -    
  :            
,       
 :     '      
     
    ,    
       
2.  
             '   
 
                  
          ,    
      
   :
1.  :
o              
 
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Easy2Siksha
o         ,   
     
o     
          
2.  :
o    
         
 
o      
      
 ,       
 
3.  ( ):
o        ,   '    ,
   
o , ,   
  , -  
   
 
4. - :
o -         
 
o          ,   
         
5.    :
o              
  ,       


o            
 
   :
:   ,       
        
 :    ,   -    
  ,    ,     '  
  
  :      
   
 

            
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Easy2Siksha
()    
1.  
                   ,
       
      , 
,                '
   ""        
   :
        
 
               
 
             
 '        
   :
1.     :
o             ,  
           


o             ,   
    
2.  :
o                 
o    ,         
   
  ()      ,  
   
3.    :
o    ,          
o        ,      
 '       ,    
    
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4. -     :
o     ,   ,    ' 
     
o ,            

 ,     
 
     :
 :            
 
 :         ,     
      '   '   
  :       ,    
     ,        
2.  
           ,        
                 
              
 
   :
 -       ,    , ,
 
        
    
    
            


   :
1.   (, ,  ):
o        
o        ,      
 
o       '     
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2. :
o    -      ,  
       -   ,  
  
 
o ,       -    
  
3.  :
o           
  ,
       ,      
o            
  ,     
4.  (  ' ):
o   ,     '    ,    
 ,            
o     , 
      
   
 
   :
 :   ,     

,         
 :      , -,   
,          
 
   :      
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-
3.               
    
:    ?
         ,   , , ,  
       
      

     
       :
,     
,       
-    ,   
    
        
         
,                  ' 
 :
1. :
     ,   ,     
        :
o  (   )
o 
o 
o 
o 
2. :
            '    
       :
o  (     )
o 
o 
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o  
o    
3. :
            
        :
o  (     )
o 
o  
o 
o 
4. :
,            
    :
o  
o 
o  
o 
o 
5.  :
               
:
o  
o 
o 
o 
o 
6. :
    ( , )        
:
o  (   )
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o 
o 
o  
o 
7.  ( ):
          ,   
     '          :
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
   
     
  -       
     -    :
1.  :
,               
            ,   
,       
2.   :
o    (    )  (, )   (,
)   
o  (    ) ,    
   
o      ,       
3.   :
o ,        ,   
   
o           
     
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4. :
   ,    , , ,     
   
5.  :
           ,   

 
       
       
  
  ,
        
     , 
              
      
1.  
      
 :
 :         
  :         ,  
   
    : , ,    
     
 ,           ,    
         ,  ,     

2.   
      , ,        
 ,            

        
 ,           ' ,   '
          
3.  
         , , , 
       , ,    
    
       ,       
 ,         
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4.  
,              
             ,   
       '    
 ,       ,         , 
     ,  
    '    
5.  
                
             :
  :         ,   
      
 :    ,   ,    
            
       ,     
  ,          
  
   
6.    
     , ,  -      
        :
           
    
            
    ,    (,    ) ' 
   ,           
  
     
       ,       
 :
1.   : ,     ,   '    ,  
       
2.  :    , ,      
     
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3. - :           ,

           
4.  : -     ,      
   ,           


     
1. : ,  ,       
            
2.  : '         , 
        
3.    :      
  '           
 
4.  :          
             
 

      ,  ,    , 
   
      ,    
                
  
     ,    ,   
,             
        , 
       
          
4.               
          
:       
, ,         ,      
       ,          
     
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1.  :          ,
              
               
    -         
2.  :          , 
,   ,         '  
               
   ,    ,        
  
3.  :     -       
            
        
       
   ,        
4.   :        - ,    
      ,        ,
       ,         
  
5.  :  ,         
        ,     
          , -
               
 
6.  :       '      
        ,       
      
      
  
7.  :        ,   
               
     

8.  :        ,    
          -  ,
          ,      
  

 
21
Easy2Siksha
    
                 
  ,             , 
   -,      
 :
1.   :       ,   '   
             (   
     ),   (   ),   
(    )           
         
2.   :   ,   ,       
,            -  
       -      
3.   :            
          ,    , 

        , -   
           '   
4.  :   ,       
     ,          
,             
5.  :  ,        ,  
           ,   ', 
  ,          
  
              

 
    
            ,    
  :
1.    :         
              ,
     ' 
    
 
2. :   ,         
      
         '
  ,     ,   
3.  :              ,
     '            
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4.   :-    ,     
,             ,  

  
 ,        
  
5. :            
           ' ,    
         ,    -  
6. - :           
      -  ,      
     ,        
 
7.  :          ,   
             
     
8. :            , 
             
         '  
9.    :         
         
,   
               
     ,        
     ,    ,    
              
   (FAO)       , 
             '
 
                 
,          ,  
     , 
          
      
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-
5.                

:        
              ,     
   ,   '           
  , ,          
  ' - ,          
  , ,   ,  ,   
         
      
1. :           
  
       , ,     
   (, )         
,   ,    (, ),  (),  
 
  (),         
 
2. :,     '      
 
             
   ,          
   
3.   :   ',     -,   
      ,          
   ,           
     ,     ,    
  
4.  :          
 ,        , ,  
              , 
      ,   -   
  ,       
5.     :       
               
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Easy2Siksha
 ,         ,     
    ,   
 
6.  :, ,         
      ,   ,    
          
           

     
1. -  :
o    :         , 
 , ,         
(, )  ,        
      
 
o : , ,      , ,
,           
 
o  :        
   (,  ..),   ,  
      
2.    :
o :    ,  ,   
             
o    : ,     
           ,  
       
 
o 
 :      ,  
 ,            
  
         
    
,               ,   
       ,   '    , 
     ,           10   
      ,      
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Easy2Siksha
         ,     -
                  
 ,        ,         
    
1.  :        ,   ,  ,
   ,      ,   , 
    ,      '   
 
2.  :     ,       
,  ,   ,        '  
       
3.  :      , ,   
               
      ,  ,      
 

           ,   
              , 
        ,   ,  
 ,             
   ,  ,    -    
         
6.  -           
  
:-             
    '             
                
 -       :
1.  (- ) 
:  ,  , , , 
:
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Easy2Siksha
o   :     , ,  
          
o   :       
   ,        
o  :       ,
,     
    
     
o  :    ,     -
  , 
          
   
2.  (-) 
: , , ,  , 
:
o     :       
            

o  :     ,    
   
         ,  
       
o  :    -   
  -      ,    
              '

 
3. - ( ) 
: - ,     ,  -  
:
o  :          
,     ,      
      
o   :    ,    
 ,            
    
 
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o     :    , 
 ,   ,        
   ,   '      
        
o  ' :       ' 
 ,            

4. -,    
: , ,  ,  ( )
:
o  :      (, , , ) 
      ,       
   
o  '  :       
    '     ,   
   -     
o   :, ,      
        ,   
 ,   ,   
5. - , -  
: , ,     
:
o  :          
 ,   ,     '    
o   :     ,   ,  
  , ,        
 
o  ' :         
    , ,       ' 
 
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6.  
:  ,  
:
o     :      
   -     
 
o   :         
         
o  :          
  ,          

7.     (SIDS)
: ,  ,  
:
o    :         
,    '    
    
   
 
o   :        
        
     
    '   
o   :    SIDS      - '
    ,        '
   ,   -   

 ,   -    ,  ,  
              
          ,     
   ,            
       ,    ,   
       
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Easy2Siksha
-
7.              
     
:       
 ,    
 ,    ,      ,  
            
   ,  , , ,        
    ,         
  ,          
    :   
      '  ,     
    ,    '      
           '    
 ,            ,    
  -     ,   '     
   ,        
 ,            
   ,      ,    , -
         ,    
    ,    ',     '  
    ,       
 -    : 
1.   -  :         
     ,        
,                ,
             
    ,   '   ,     
            
        
2.  :   ,   ,   
             
          ,  
            , 
       
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Easy2Siksha
3. :       ,    -
  ,   ,      , 
   
     '     
    ,       
 
4.  :    ,       
               
              
 ,   ,     
5.  :     -    
  ,      ,    ,  
           
   
 
-   
-       ,      

       , 
  ,   
        
      -
               
-             
 ,          ,     

 
-     :
 :   ,      -
      ,     
        
  :        ,  
             
 
 :        
           

 
     
1.  :        
  
     ,          
 ,          
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    , 
      '  

2.    : -     
,             
   ,         
  
3.    :        ,  
,    ,         
  ,      ,        
   
4.  ' :       , 
   
    ,    ,      
          -19 
   ,         
5.  :      ,   '  ,
          
        ,       
 
     
1.  :           
 -          
"30  30"    2030    30%      
 
2.  : ,   ,      
      -    
     , ,     
 
3.   :    ,   - 
  ,            
         
 
4.  :  -,   ,    '
            
 
5.   :          
            
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, -     - 
        

                
      , ,      
             ,  
 ,  ,        
             
8.    ?         ,
     
:  :    ,   
     , , ,    
    
       '   

     ,  , , -   
           ,   ,
     ' ,        
      
   
1.  :       ,     
      , , 
 ,   ,
           
(CO2),   (SO2),   (NOx),   
(PM2.5  PM10)  
2.   :         , -,
,    ,       
       ,    (, ),
     ,        
 
 
3.  :     ,  -,  
               
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  
 ,      ,    
  
4.  : ,  ,         
  
 ,            
5.  : ,   ,   
        ,   

 ,      ,         
   
1. :             ,
    (GHG),        

     ,      
2. :     ,     , 
  '      ,     

             
3. :    ,   -  
    
 ,           
     ,      
4.   :           
       CO2    ,    
   
5. -  : -,   ' ,   
          -  
     
   
1.  ' :             
 '              ,
  ,           
       ,      
    ,      ,   
   
2.  :        
  
   ,    
 
 ,  ,      
   
-    
 ,      
     ,        
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3.  :  ,       ,  
   
    CO2      
 
 ,          ,   
      
 
4.    :,   '   ,   
        ,       
        '    
5.  :     ,    ,
        
  -
         ,   
 
        
1.    :         
     , ,  -    

 '          
      
2.  :       -  
    , ,         
      
3.  :     -   
    ' , ,  - -
                
    ,        , 
  ,     ,       
4.     :  , -     
       
     
          
    ,        ,
      
5.    :         
         
       -  , 
,  -    
6.  :     ,    ,  
 ,    ,       
             
35
Easy2Siksha
 ( )    CO2    
  
 
7.      :       
            , , 
           '
        
8.  :        
      (UNEP)   ,
,      
   
             
       ,         
 

    ,          
,   ,  ,    , 
    -    , -    ,
       ,     
              
      
   ,              
          ' 

   
        ,     
         
:      Ai      ( )      
         , 
  '        
